The best choices we provide to consumers are mainly considered from the following perspectives:
1. The sales data is stable, and sellers who have more than one year will not be unable to complete the warranty after purchase.
2. There is a lot of product evaluation data, and the number of products in the store is at least 5.
3. The product’s rating is at least 4.4, to ensure that customers’ choices follow their hearts.
4. From a store with a certain brand value.
5. Products with great cost-effectiveness advantage.

1. Consumer behavior learning model
This model is influenced by Maslow’s principle of demand, which believes that buyer behavior is a demand-based response. This model states that consumers first purchase a product or service to satisfy their basic needs, and then continue to purchase to satisfy learned needs; generally applicable to businesses that cater to all levels of consumer need.

2. Psychological analysis model of consumer behavior
The model points out that individual consumer buying behavior is often motivated by intentional or unintentional motives, which may be hidden fears, repressed desires, or personal needs. Therefore, consumers’ buying behavior can be stimulated by companies, and these “awakened” needs may be unconscious, and customers don’t always know why they are attracted, only the feeling of “owning” is right.

3. The sociological model of consumer behavior
Sociological models of consumer behavior suggest that purchasing behavior is influenced by an individual’s position in different social groups, and that people often choose products that represent their identity. For example, corporate executives are often given a professional and formal image, so people in these jobs will also buy products that meet the characteristics of this group, such as business suits and leather shoes.

4 Economic Models of Consumer Behavior
The model argues that consumers are more inclined to “spend less money to maximize demand,” meaning operators can forecast sales based on customers’ incomes and product prices. If the company provides the lowest price products, it means that the profit level of the company can be continuously guaranteed.

5. EKB consumer behavior model
The EKB model, also known as the Engel model, is a relatively complete and clear theory of consumer behavior. The model outlines five stages that consumers go through before purchasing a product:
Awareness stage: consumers see information such as advertisements and generate purchase needs or interests;
Information processing stage: after consumers discover the product, they think about whether it can meet the current needs;
Evaluation stage: carry out comparative research with competing products to select the best;
Purchase decision stage: comprehensive evaluation and decision to purchase;
Result analysis stage: Consumers will have a negative or positive experience after purchase or use, which will decide whether to repurchase or express dissatisfaction.

6. Consumer Behavior Black Box Model
Also known as the stimulus-response model, the black box model assumes that consumers are exposed to marketing mixes and other external environmental stimuli from merchants and process them in their minds (black box) where they associate the external stimuli with their pre-stored knowledge, such as personal beliefs and desires, and ultimately make purchasing decisions.

7. The Hawkins Stern Impulse Buying Model
Hawkins Stern classifies this impulsive behavior into four types:
Attracting a purchase: Sometimes referred to as pure impulse, it involves buying non-daily items or items on a shopping list. Consumers are attracted by the visual effects of these items to generate purchase behavior.
Reminder to buy: When consumers are reminded by promotional activities and “careful machines” on product displays (such as ice cream scoops tried in the refrigerated area of ​​supermarkets), they have the impulse to buy.
Recommended purchases: Consumers will have purchase impulses after being recommended by shopping guides or online algorithms.
Planned purchases: Although planning and impulsiveness may sound like the opposite, these purchases here usually happen when consumers know they want and accidentally drop the price before making planned impulse purchases, such as the eve of e-commerce festivals such as Double Eleven. Many consumers will plan ahead and buy in bulk.

8. The Howard-Sheath Model
There are three successive levels of decision-making in the process:
Broad solutions: Consumers do not have specific brand preferences, they gather information broadly to find the right product.
Limitation problem solving: Consumers gather some information and start comparing and making choices.
Habitual Problem Solving: Consumers have a loyalty base to certain brands and therefore buy based on experience every time they buy.
There are four factors that influence the decision-making process:
Input variable: refers to the marketing information received by consumers in the decision-making process, including recommendations and introductions from relatives and friends.
External variables: refer to external factors in the purchase decision process, such as culture, personality, financial resources, etc.
Intrinsic factors: It mainly explains how input variables and extrinsic variables play a role in psychological activities to lead to results.
Outcome variable: refers to the final purchase behavior, including three stages of cognitive response, emotional response and behavioral response, such as weather, religion, etc.

9. Nicosia Model
The model mainly consists of four parts:
Marketing characteristics and customer attitudes: Enterprises transmit product information to consumers through media, and consumers then internalize their own personal characteristics and experiences to form attitudes.
Surveys and Reviews: Customers compare different brands based on company information.
Purchase decision: Consumers turn motivation into actual purchase action, a process influenced by factors such as brand availability, distributors, and more.
Feedback: Consumers have an actual experience after purchasing and using the product, and on this basis, decide whether to repurchase; and the company will decide whether to continue to use the same marketing strategy based on consumer feedback.

10. The Webster and Wind model
The Webster and Wind model is a B2B buying behavior model that considers 4 variables that influence a firm’s purchasing decision:
Environmental variables: External factors that may influence purchasing decisions, such as customer needs, supplier relationships, competitive pressures, and technology, politics, and culture.
Organizational variables: Internal factors that may affect purchasing decisions, such as organizational technology, organizational structure, organizational goals and tasks, organizational executors, etc.
Procurement core member variables: such as who ultimately decides the purchase, who has the authority to sign the contract, who influences the purchase process, etc.

According to the degree of consumer involvement (the degree of involvement refers to the degree of prudence consumers are when purchasing and how much time and energy they are willing to spend to collect information, make selection judgments, and how many people participate in the purchasing process.) and the combination of product differences , there are four main types of consumer purchases:
(1) Complex purchases. Occurs when consumers first buy products with high levels of involvement and brand differentiation. Most consumers know very little about such commodities, but because they are expensive and belong to durable consumer goods, they are very cautious before purchasing. This purchase decision is the most complex.
(2) Harmonious purchase. Occurs when consumers buy products with high levels of involvement but less brand differentiation. In this kind of purchase, as long as the prices of different brands of goods are within the same grade, there is little difference in the quality and function, so there is no need to collect a lot of information or make evaluations. The decision-making focus is on whether to buy or not, what grade to buy, not what brand to buy, but more concerned about whether you can get price concessions, and whether the time and place of purchase are convenient.
(3) Varied purchases. Occurs on commodities with large brand differences and low involvement. Consumers frequently change the brands of their purchases, mostly out of the randomness of trying something new and avoiding tedium. Consumers generally do not actively collect relevant information before purchasing such products, but passively receive information through advertising and other promotional media. The evaluation of the products also occurs after the purchase, and even if they feel good about the purchased products, they will buy it next time. may still change brands.
(4) Habitual purchase. It is a habitual reaction behavior formed after multiple purchases when consumers buy products with low involvement and small brand differences. Consumers often buy a certain fixed brand, not out of loyalty, but out of habit, and when it’s not on the shelf, consumers don’t hesitate to buy another product that looks very similar.

Factors that influence a consumer’s purchasing decision can be divided into several broad categories:
(1) Environmental factors, such as cultural environment, social environment, economic environment;
(2) Stimulating factors, such as the price, quality, performance, style, service, advertisement, convenience of purchase, etc. of the commodity;
(3) Consumer personal and psychological factors.

Personal factors include factors such as age, gender, occupation, economic status and personality. Among them, the psychological factors of consumers, because they cannot be seen directly, are also called black boxes. The stimuli start from the enterprise, and then enter the consumer’s black box, and through the consumer’s psychological activity process, become the decision-making output about the purchase.

Psychological factors include:
① Motivation. Any purchase activity is always dominated by a certain motivation, and this motivation from the consumer reflects the consumer’s physical, psychological and emotional needs.
② feeling and perception. Two consumers with the same motivation will make different purchasing decisions because of their different feelings and perceptions.
③ study. Learning is a psychological process of relatively lasting changes in personal behavior caused by experience. It is a process in which consumers gradually acquire and accumulate experience through practices such as use, practice or observation, and adjust their purchasing behavior according to experience. Businesses should create conditions to help consumers complete the learning process.
④ Beliefs and attitudes. Consumers form beliefs and attitudes in the process of purchasing and using goods, which in turn affect their future purchase behavior. It is better for companies to change their products to meet consumers’ existing attitudes, rather than trying to change consumers‘s Attitude.